str_single <- "Hello"
str_multiline <- "Multiline\nstring"
toupper(str_multiline)

library(stringr)

name <- "John Doe"
str_to_lower(name)  # "john doe"
str_split(name, " ")  # List of "John" and "Doe"

integer <- 42L
floating_point <- 3.14
complex_number <- complex(real = 2, imaginary = 3)

# Converting between types
float_to_int <- as.integer(3.7)  # 3

nums <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
mean(nums)  # 3
sum(nums)   # 15